Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds.
 Biochemistry is the study of carbon compounds that crawl.
Internet References
Molecular Biology 2
Last Update: 11 / 10 / 08

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Mol Bio 2 Internet References Table of Contents
Click on any of the names listed below for information useful in this course.
Cell Organelles
 Glycolysis & Fermentation
Genes 
 Gene Expression
General Biochemistry Info 
 Lipids 
Neuroscience
 Nucleic Acids 
Proteins & Amino Acids 


































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General Biochemistry Info --->
<--- General Biochemistry Info
Abbreviations of Biochemical Terms About.com Biochemistry Resource
About.com Biology Resource About.com Cell Biology Resource
About.com Molecular Biology Resource About.com Science News
Access Excellence: From Gene to Function Ask the Experts about Biology (Sci Am)
Biochemistry Courses Online BioChemNet
BiochemNet: Biochemistry Resources BiochemNet: Biology Resources
BiochemNet: General Chem Resources BiochemNet: Organic Chem Resources
BiochemNet: Molecular Genetics Resources Biochemical Pathways (from Poster in room 14)
Biochemical Pathways (ExPASy) (see poster in room 14) Biochemistry Resources
Biology Links Gateway (Links2Go) -- Very Cool! BioTech Life Science Resources (Indiana U.)
Carbon Chemistry Cell Drawing [Animal] (VERY COOL!!!)
Cell Transportation Chem Resources (U. Cal at Berkley)
Chemistry Resources Chemistry Factoids (Calif. State U.)
Dairy Cow Metabolism (U. Wisconsin) Dictionary of Cell and Molecular Biology
Food Finder General, Organic & Bio Chemistry
International Food Information Council Martindale's “The Reference Desk” -- oh wow!
Martindale's “The Virtual Bioscience Center” -oh wow! Martindale's “The Virtual Chemistry Center” -oh wow! 
MathMol K-12 Activity Page McGill U. Medical Gateway
mdchoice.com  -> medical research website Medical Biochemistry (Indiana U.)
Medical Biochemistry
Terre Haute Center for Medical Education (Indiana State U.)
Medscape
Metabolic Pathways of Biochemistry MIT Biology Hypertextbook
Molecular Models from Chemistry Molecules R Us
NetBioChem On-Line Biology Book
Online Macromolecular Museum Nobel Prize Winners for
DeWitt biology courses
Perfume and Flavor Chemistry (Leffingwell & Associates) Organic Chemistry Review
Periodic Table of the Elements Plant Cell
Pharmaceutical Information Network Pharmacology Central
Physiology of Digestion (Colo. St. U.) Plant Biochemistry  (U. Kentucky)
Rare and Orphan Diseases (About.com) RasMol/Chime Molecule Viewing Software
Scientific American Scientific American Explorations
Science Daily newsource Science News
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum The Argus Clearinghouse
Vitamin facts Vitamin info
Water properties 1 Water properties 2
WWW Virtual Library: History of Biology WWW Virtual Library: History of Science, Tech, & Medicine
   
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Amino Acids & Proteins ---->
<---- Amino Acids & Proteins
Access Excellence: From Gene to Function Actin (PDB)
Adrenaline Isolation Amino acid anatomy (animated gifs)
Amino Acid Matching Game Amino Acids crystal photos (FSU)
Amino acids from space: D or L? Amino Acids Hydrophobicity (UTHCT)
Amino Acid Metabolism (Wash St. U.) Amino Acids pictures (Galactone)
Amino Acids pictures (NYU) Amino Acids Quiz (CMU)
Amino Acid Structures (IMB) Amino Acid Structures (MIT)
Amino Acid Structure (Wash. St. U.) An Antibody Molecule
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) (a.k.a. Vasopressin) 
[a nonapeptide]
Aspartame (Nutrasweet) Urban Legends
Aspartame (a tripeptide derivative) a.k.a. NutraSweet Biochemical Pathways (from Poster in room 14)
BioTech Life Science Resources: Amino Acid Metabolism (Indiana U.) Carbon Chemistry
Chirality of Amino Acids (Wash. St. U.) Collagen (PDB)
Collagen and elastin Collagen protein
Dipeptide anatomy (animated gifs) DNA, RNA, protein internet references (U. Virginia)
Epinephrine (Adrenaline) synthesis Essential Amino Acids (Wash. St. U.)
Enzyme nomenclature database Growth Hormone GH (a.k.a. Somatotropin) 
[190 amino acids]
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone GHRH 
[a peptide]
Hematopoiesis 
(Porphyrin Synthesis & Structure)
Heme biosynthesis and metabolism Hormones from amino acids, or
oligo- /polypeptides
Hormones of the Pituitary Hypothalamus and the Pituitary Gland and their hormones
Insulin (PDB) Lysosomes and Peroxisomes
MIT Biology Hypertextbook: Large Molecules Muscles
Muscle filaments Myoglobin (PDB)
Myosin and actin Myosin (PDB)
Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline) synthesis NutraSweet website
Pepsin (PDB) Polypeptide anatomy (animated gifs)
Porphyrin and Heme synthesis Proteasomes (a location for protein degradation)
Protein Digestion to Amino Acids  (Wash. St. U.) Proteins Program (by Dr. DeWitt)
Protein Structure (Wash. St. U.) Protein Synthesis (by Dr. DeWitt)
Protein Synthesis overview drawing Ribosomes (PDB)
Ribosome Image  
Ribosomes Revealed (Sci American) Ribosome Structure
Role of the Ribosomes Somatostatin [a peptide]
Structure and Function of Macromolecules Swiss Protein Database
Oxytocin [a nonapeptide] The Central Dogma (DNA-->RNA-->polypeptide)
The Flow of Food through your GI Tract The Genetic Code (DNA format)
The Genetic Code (Genentech) The Genetic Code (RNA format)
Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone TRH [a tripeptide] Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (a.k.a. Thyrotropin) 
[a glycoprotein hormone]
Vasopressin (a.k.a. Antidiuretic Hormone ADH) [a nonapeptide] Water facts (hydrophilia/hydrophobia)
  see also general references
  see also Mol Bio 1 Amino Acids section
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Cell Organelles ---->
<----Cell Organelles
A Tour of the Cell Animal Cell Drawing
Cell Biology Topics Cell Drawing [Animal] (VERY COOL!!!)
Cellular Membrane Cell Wall (bacterial)
Cellular Structures via Microscopy Atlas Centrioles
Chloroplast DNA Cilia
Cytoskeleton Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Structure and Function  Flagella or Flagella (bacterial)
Golgi Complex Glycocalyx
Lysosomes1, or Lysosomes2 Lysosomal Storage Diseases (About.com)
Membrane Structure Membrane Structure and Function 
Microfilaments Microtubules
Mitochondria Mitochondrial DNA
Nuclear Membrane / Pores Nucleolus
Nucleus Peroxisomes1, or Peroxisomes2
Parts of the Cell Peroxisomes
Plant Cell Walls Plasmodesmata
Proteasomes (a location for protein degradation) Ribosomes
Ribosome Image Ribosomes Revealed (Sci American)
Ribosome Structure Ribosome synthesis in the nucleolus
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum The Plant Cell
Surface Structures, or see Flagella above When did eukaryotic cells (cells with nuclei and other internal organelles) first evolve?
   
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Genes ---->
(see also Gene Expression and Nucleic Acids
or the Cell Bio 1 website)
<----Genes
(see also Gene Expression and Nucleic Acids
or the Cell Bio 1 website)
Access Excellence: From Gene to Function BioTech Life Science Resources: Human Genetics (Indiana U.)
Control genes (homeotic genes) Designer Genes Genetics Website (Award Winner)
GeneCards (human gene database) Genes and Behavior
Genes and Disease Gene Map of the Human Genome
Genetics Discoveries: 1998 Green Genes Article
How fireflies make light (from gene to glow) How much of the human genome has been sequenced? (NCBI)
Human Gene Map 1999 Human Genome News (Oakridge National Labs)
Human Genome Project Human Genome Project (Dept. of Energy)
Human Genome Project (Sanger Center, UK) Human Genome Project Progress
Human Mitochondrial Genome National Human Genome Research Center
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man Porphyria (defects in hemoglobin synthesis)
Regulation of genes (U. of Arizona) Sickle Cell anemia info
What is a Gene? What the Heck is a Gene?
Which organelles contain DNA ?  
   
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Gene Expression ---->
(see also Genes and Nucleic Acids
or the Cell Bio 1 website)
<----Gene Expression
(see also Genes and Nucleic Acids
or the Cell Bio 1 website)
Access Excellence: From Gene to Function Designer Genes Genetics Website (Award Winner)
DNA, RNA, protein internet references (U. Virginia) Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Structure and Function Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)
Molecular Biology (U. Arizona) Nuclear Membrane / Pores
Porphyria (defects in hemoglobin synthesis)
Protein Synthesis
<----DeWitt PAPER
Protein Synthesis overview drawing Ribosomes
RNA splicing The Central Dogma (DNA-->RNA-->polypeptide)
The Genetic Code (DNA format) The Genetic Code (Genentech)
The Genetic Code (RNA format)  
 
 
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Glycolysis/Fermentation--> <--Glycolysis/Fermentation
(see Mol Bio 3 Internet sites for GLYCOLYSIS)

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Neuroscience---->
<----Neuroscience
A Kind of Alaska... a play based on Awakenings Anatomy of the Brain
2000 Nobel prize for Physiology and Medicine about Brain Neurotranmitters Beth Abraham Center for Research and Education (Oliver Sacks's home)
Dr. Constantin Von Economo Dr. Oliver Sacks homepage

encephalitis.org
Encephalitis Lethargica (Von Economo's Disease) Encephalitis Lethargica and the Salem Witch Trials: The book: A Fever in Salem: A New Interpretation of the New England Witch Trials
Epinephrine (Adrenaline) synthesis Genetics of Parkinson's disease
Human Neuroanatomy & Neuropathology resources Morphology of Axons
Morphology of Dendrites Movement Disorders
Music Therapy for Brain Disorders National Parkinson Foundation, Inc.
Neurosciences information: The Institute for Music and Neurologic Function Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline) synthesis
Oliver Sacks, MD (author of Awakenings)  
Parkinson Disease and Pesticides? Parkinson's Disease information 1
Parkinson's Disease information 2 Parkinson's Disease information 3
Parkinson's Disease information 4 Parkinson's Disease information 5
Parkinson's gene  
Pesticides Linked To Parkinson's Disease (1/2001)  Postencephalitic parkinsonism - a review
PDF - Parkinson's Disease Foundation, Inc. Professor John Oxford and recent research on encephalitis lethargica (our 2nd video)
Progress Is Being Made Against Parkinson's  Rilke's The Panther (from Awakenings)
Structure of Chemical Synapses Synapse Web
The Nervous System (Emory U. MiniMed School) Types of Sleep - Sleep Stages 
Von Economo's Disease (see encephalitis lethargia above) What Is Encephalitis?
What Is Levadopa (L-Dopa)? see neuroscience links in Awakenings
Assignment Catecholamines page
   
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Nucleic Acids---->
(see also Genes and Gene Expression 
or the Cell Bio 1 website)
<----Nucleic Acids
(see also Genes and Gene Expression)
or the Cell Bio 1 website)

A structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
Watson and Crick paper: Nature 1953
About.com Genetics Resource
About.com Molecular Biology Resource Abbreviations and Symbols for Nucleic Acids, Polynucleotides and their Constituents
Access Excellence: From Gene to Function Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases (PDB)
Atlas of Nucleic Acid Containing Structures BioChemNet
BioTech Life Science Resources (Indiana U.) BioTech Life Science Resources: Human Genetics (Indiana U.)
Cold Spring Harbor DNA Learning Center Designer Genes Genetics Website (Award Winner)
DNA (PDB) DNA and Chromatin
DNA from the Beginnning (tutorial) DNA numerology
DNA on the Witness Stand DNA Structure Tutorial (U. Mass)
DNA Structure: Life Magazine 1963 article DNA, RNA, protein internet references (U. Virginia)
DNA Workshop FBI Forensics and DNA testing
Harvard U. Bio Links First Images of DNA in Sperm
Introduction to Nucleic Acids (A-, B- and Z- DNA) (Rutgers U.) Michigan Electronic Library: Genetics & Biotechnology
Mitochondrial Diseases Information Mitochondrial DNA (Emory U.)
Mitchondrial Diseases (human) (U. Virginia) MIT Biology Hypertextbook: Genes-->mRNA-->Proteins
MIT Biology Hypertextbook: Prokaryotic Genetics Molecular Biology (U. Arizona)
Nobel Prize: Watson, Crick & Wilkins 1962 Nucleosomes (PDB)
dr dNucleotide Chemistry (better than Access Excellence's version) (Cell Bio) Nucleic Acid Chemistry
(Access Excellence)
Protein Synthesis overview drawing Protein translator from Triplets
Ribozymes (molecular scissors) snRNPs (snerps)
The Central Dogma (DNA-->RNA-->polypeptide) The Genetic Code (DNA format)
The Genetic Code (Genentech) The Genetic Code (RNA format)
The Making of a Nucleosome Transfer RNA (PDB)
Useful Resource About DNA Which organelles contain DNA ?
  (See also the Cell Bio 1 website)
   
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Lipids---->
<----Lipids
American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS) Anabolic Steroid Abuse
Anabolic Steroids and Teenagers (NCADI) Animal Ingredients
This is a listing for vegetarians of names for animal ingredients
Antioxidant Definition (Encyclopedia.com)   
Aspects of fat digestion and metabolism
Ch. 3 of Fats and oils in human nutrition (see below.))
Better Fat Substitutes?
Biochemical Pathways (from Poster in room 14) Biosynthesis of Fats (Wash. St. U.)
BioTech Life Science Resources: Lipid Metabolism (Indiana U.) BioTech Life Science Resources: Vitamins (Indiana U.)
Cancer and dietary fat Carotene
Carotenoids Carotenoids as Flavor & Fragrance Precursors
Carotenoids Online Fact Book Carotenoids: Structure and Functions 
Carbon Chemistry Composition of dietary fat
Ch. 2 of Fats and oils in human nutrition (see below.))
Estrogen in the Environment Fast Facts: Anabolic Steroids
Fats and oils in human nutrition  <--HUGE!!
(United Nations and the WHO)
FAT (U. of Guelph) --- from the meat industry
Fat Confusion Cleared Up
(The American Institute For Cancer Research)
Fat In Your Diet (Mayo Clinic)
Fat substitutes: nutritional promise or potential disaster? Fatty acids & other lipidsfrom Access Excellence
Health Risks from Processed Foods and Trans Fats Hormones from steroids
Hydrogenated fat — The basics  LIPIDS Journal
Lipid Hormones (Wash. St. U.) Lipid Metabolism (Wash St. U.)
DeWitt Lipids Programs 
(on lipids and steroids)
Lipids, Fats and Soaps/Detergents 
(Wash. State U.)
Lipids pictures (NYU) Lysosomal Storage Diseases (About.com)
Membrane Structure National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information
Oleak (opposition viewpoint) Olean information (Olestra)
Olestra and Other Fat Substitutes (FDA) Olestra information
Olestra chips may fool doctors into false diagnosis of fat malabsorption syndrome Olestra use in non-humans
Olestra vs Triglycerides in the diet: Symptoms? Potential Benefits of Olestra: Weight Reduction
Phospholipids (Wash. St. U.) Questions and Answers about Olestra
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Sorting Out the Facts About Fat
Steroids (Wash. St. U.) Structure and Function of Macromolecules
The 3D Structures of Vitamins  
The Chemistry of Fat Substitutes: Can You Stomach It? (Discover) The FACTS About Olestra (Olean) 
(an opposition viewpoint)
The Olestra Project. The Oiling of America ( A very long article.)
About the history of dietary fat issues.
Trans Fatty Acids (Am. Heart Assoc.) Trans Fats: What Myths Are Made From 
Trans fat — Another artery-clogger?  Triaclglycerol synthesis (may be difficult to read)
Triacylglycerol synthesis Triacylglycerol synthesis
Vitamin facts  
Vitamin info Vitamins, Introduction
Vitamins (Wash. St. U.) Water properties
What is Meat and the kinds of fats found in it?  
Frito-Lay WOW info  
   see general references also
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