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Nobel Prizes
Chemistry
 
Physiology or
Medicine
Important to the Topics in Biology
Bergen County Academies

by Dr. Don DeWitt

(last update: 2/6/08)


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Nobels in Chemistry
Nobels in Physiology and Medicine
(now called the Nobel in Medicine)


Jacobus Henricus 
van 't Hoff

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
1901

in recognition of the 
extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of 
the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions

Emil Adolf
von Behring

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1901

for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths

Emil 
Fischer

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
1902

in recognition of the extraordinary
services he has rendered
by his
work on sugar and purine syntheses

(A&P, Mol Bio 4 and PCS) (Cell Bio 2) (A&P and Mol Bio 1 & 2)
R

Ronald
Ross

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1902

for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it

Ivan Petrovich
Pavlov

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1904

in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged

Robert
Koch

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1905

for his investigations and 
discoveries in relation 
to tuberculosis

(Cell Bio 2 & 3) (PCS) (Cell Bio 2 & 3)
R

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Camillo
Golgi

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1906

in recognition of their work 
on the structure 
of the nervous system

Santiago Ramón
y
Cajal

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1906

in recognition of their work 
on the structure 
of the nervous system

Eduard
Buchner

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
1907

for his biochemical researches 
and his discovery 
of cell-free fermentation

(A&P, Mol Bio 1 & 2 and PCS) (A&P, Mol Bio 1 & 2 and PCS) (A&P and Mol Bio 3)
R

Charles Louis
Alphonse
Laveran

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1907

in recognition of 
his work on the role
played
by protozoa
in causing diseases

Ilya Ilyich
Mechnikov

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1908

in recognition of their 
work on immunity

Paul
Ehrlich

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1908

in recognition of their 
work on immunity

(Cell Bio 3) (Cell Bio 3) (Cell Bio 3)
R

Albrecht
Kossel

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1910

in recognition of the
contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including
the nucleic substances

Charles Robert
Richet

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1913

in recognition of 
his work on anaphylaxis

Richard Martin 
Willstätter

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
1915

for his researches on 
plant pigments, 
especially chlorophyll

(A&P, Cell Bio 1 and
Mol Bio 1, 2 & 5)
(Cell Bio 3) (Mol Bio 4)
R  

Willaim Bragg
Lawrence Bragg

William
Bragg

The Nobel Prize 
in Physics
1915

for their services in the
analysis of crystal structure
by means of X-rays

Lawrence
Bragg

The Nobel Prize 
in Physics
1915

for their services in the
analysis of crystal structure
by means of X-rays


(Cell Bio 1) (Cell Bio 1)



Jules
Bordet

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1919

for his discoveries
relating to immunity

Schack
Krogh

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1920

for his discovery
of the capillary motor 
regulating mechanism

Sir Archibald Vivian 
Hill

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1922

for his discovery relating 
to the production of heat in the muscle

(Immunology (CB3))
(A&P)
(A&P, Mol Bio 3 & PCS)
R

Otto Fritz
Meyerhof

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
1922

for his discovery of the fixed
relationship between the 
consumption of oxygen and
the metabolism of lactic acid 
in the muscle

Willem
Einthoven

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
1924

for his discovery 
of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram

Sir Frederick Grant
Banting

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
1927

for the discovery 
of insulinR

(A&P and Mol Bio 3) (A&P and PCS) (A&P, Mol Bio 1, 2 & 5
and PCS)
 

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Heinrich
Wieland

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
1927

for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substance
Adolf
Windaus

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
1928

for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins

Arthur
Harden

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
1929

for their investigations
on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes

(A&P and Mol Bio 2) (A&P and Mol Bio 2) (A&P and Mol Bio 3)





Hans
von Euler-Chelpin

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
1929

for their investigations
on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes
Hans
Fischer

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
1930

for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin

Otto Heinrich
Warburg

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1931

for his discovery of the
nature
and mode of action
of the 

respiratory enzyme

(A&P and Mol Bio 3) (A&P and Mol Bio 2 & 4) (Mol Bio 3)





Peter
Debye

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
1936

for his contributions
to our knowledge of
molecular structure
through his
investigations on
dipole moments and on the
diffraction of X-rays and
electrons in gases

Albert von
Szent-Györgyi

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1937

for his discoveries in connection 
with the biological
combustion processes,
with special reference

to vitamin C and
the catalysis 

of fumaric acid

Walter Norman
Haworth

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
1937

for his investigations
on carbohydrates
and vitamin C

(A&P and Mol Bio 1 & 2) (A&P and Mol Bio 1) (A&P and Mol Bio 1)






Paul
Karrer

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
1937

for his investigations
on carotenoids, flavins
and
vitamins A and B2
Richard
Kuhn

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
1938


for his work on
carotenoids
and vitamins
Adolf
Butenandt

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
1939

for his work
on sex hormones
(A&P and Mol Bio 3 & 4) (A&P and Mol Bio 3 & 4) (A&P and Mol Bio 2)





Leopold
Ruzicka

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
1939

for his work on
polymethylenes and
higher terpenes

Carl Ferdinand
Cori

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1947

for their discovery of
the course of
the catalytic conversion of glycogen
R
(see also G. T. Cori)

(A&P and Mol Bio 2 & 4)
(A&P and Mol Bio 3)
R  
Gerty Theresa
Cori

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1947

for their discovery of the
course of
the catalytic conversion of glycogen
R
(see also C. F. Cori)

Selman Abraham
Waksman

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1952

for his discovery of streptomycin, 
the first antibiotic effective 
against tuberculosis

Sir Hans Adolf 
Krebs

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1953

for his discovery of 
the citric acid cycle

(A&P and Mol Bio 3) (Cell Bio 2) (A&P and Mol Bio 3)
R  
Fritz Albert
Lipmann

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1953

for his discovery of
co-enzyme A
and its importance for 
intermediary metabolism

Linus Carl
Pauling 

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
1954

for his research into the
nature
of the chemical
bond and its

application to the
elucidation
of the structure
of complex
substances

Axel Hugo Theodor
Theorell

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1955

for his discoveries
concerning the
nature
and mode of action of
oxidation enzymes

(A&P and Mol Bio 3) (Cell Bio 1 and Mol Bio 1) (Mol Bio 3 & 4)


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Sir Alexander Robertus
Todd

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
1957

for his work on nucleotides
and nucleotide co-enzymes

Daniel
Bovet

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1957

for his discoveries relating to 
synthetic compounds that
inhibit
the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles

Frederick
Sanger

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
1958

for his work on the
structure
of proteins, especially 
that of insulin

(A&P, Cell Bio 1 and
Mol Bio 2 and 3)
(A&P, Mol Bio 5 and PCS) (A&P, and Mol Bio 1, 2, & 5)
R  
George Wells
Beadle

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1958

for their (also Tatum)
discovery
that genes
act by regulating 

definite chemical events

Edward Lawrie
Tatum

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1958

for their (also Beadle)
discovery
that genes
act by regulating 

definite chemical events

Joshua
Lederberg

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1958

for his discoveries concerning 
genetic recombination and 
the organization of the genetic 
material of bacteria

(A&P, Cell Bio and
Mol Bio 1, 2, & 5)
(A&P, Cell Bio and
Mol Bio 1, 2, & 5)
(Cell Bio 2)
R

Melvin
Calvin

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
1961

for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants

Severo
Ochoa

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1959

for their discovery of the 
mechanisms in the biological 
synthesis of ribonucleic acid 
and deoxyribonucleic acid

Arthur
Kornberg

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1959

for their discovery of the 
mechanisms in the biological 
synthesis of ribonucleic acid 
and deoxyribonucleic acid

(Mol Bio 4) (A&P, Cell Bio and
Mol Bio 1, 2 & 5)
(A&P, Cell Bio and
Mol Bio 1, 2 & 5)


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Francis Harry Compton
Crick

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1962

for their discoveries
concerning

the molecular structure
of nucleic
acids and its significance for
information transfer in
living
material

James Dewey
Watson

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1962

for their discoveries concerning 
the molecular structure
of nucleic
acids and its significance for 
information transfer in
living
material

Maurice Hugh Frederick
Wilkins

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1962

for their discoveries
concerning
the molecular structure
of nucleic
acids and its significance for 
information transfer in
living
material

(A&P, Cell Bio 1 and
Mol Bio 1, 2 & 5)
(A&P, Cell Bio 1 and
Mol Bio 1, 2 & 5)
(A&P, Cell Bio 1 and
Mol Bio 1, 2 & 5)
R

Sir John Carew
Eccles

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1963

for their discoveries
concerning the
ionic mechanisms involved
in
excitation and inhibition
in the peripheral and
central portions
of the
nerve cell membrane

Alan Lloyd
Hodgkin

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1963

for their discoveries
concerning the ionic mechanisms involved
in
excitation and inhibition
in the peripheral and
central portions
of the
nerve cell membrane

Andrew Fielding
Huxley

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1963

for their discoveries
concerning the ionic mechanisms involved
in
excitation and inhibition
in the peripheral and
central portions
of the
nerve cell membrane

(A&P, Mol Bio 5 and PCS)
(A&P, Mol Bio 5 and PCS)
(A&P, Mol Bio 5 and PCS)

 
Konrad
Bloch

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1964

for their discoveries
concerning

the mechanism and regulation 

of the cholesterol and 
fatty acid metabolism

Feodor
Lynen

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1964

for their discoveries concerning 
the mechanism and regulation 
of the cholesterol and 
fatty acid metabolism
R

 Peyton
Rous

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1966

for his discovery of 
tumour-inducing viruses

(A&P and Mol Bio 2, 3 & 4) (A&P and Mol Bio 2, 3 & 4) (Virology (CB2))


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Robert W.
Holley

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1968

for their interpretation of the 
genetic code and its function in 
protein synthesis

Har Gobind
Khorana

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1968

for their interpretation of the 
genetic code and its function in 
protein synthesis

Marshall W.
Nirenberg

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1968

for their interpretation of the 
genetic code and its function in 
protein synthesis

(A&P, Cell Bio 1 and
 Mol Bio 1, 2 & 5)
(A&P, Cell Bio 1 and
  Mol Bio 1, 2 & 5)
(A&P, Cell Bio 1 and
  Mol Bio 1, 2 & 5)
R  
Max
Delbrück

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1969

for their discoveries
concerning

the replication mechanism and 

the genetic structure of viruses

Alfred D.
Hershey

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1969

for their discoveries concerning 
the replication mechanism and 
the genetic structure of viruses
R

Salvador E.
Luria

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1969

for their discoveries
concerning

the replication mechanism and 

the genetic structure of viruses

(Virology (CB2) (Virology (CB2) (Virology (CB2)
R

Sir Bernard
Katz

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1970

for their discoveries
concerning
the humoral transmittors in the 
nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation

Ulf
von Euler

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1970

for their discoveries concerning 
the humoral transmittors in the 
nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation

Julius
Axelrod

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1970

for their discoveries
concerning

the humoral transmittors in the 

nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation
R

(A&P, Mol Bio 5 and PCS) (A&P, Mol Bio 5 and PCS) (A&P, Mol Bio 5 and PCS)


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Earl W.
Sutherland, Jr.

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1971

for his discoveries
concerning 

the mechanisms of the action 
of hormones

Rodney R.
Porter

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or MedicinE
1972

for their discoveries concerning 
the chemical structure 
of antibodies

Gerald M.
Edelman

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1972

for their discoveries
concerning
the chemical structure 
of antibodies

(A&P, Mol Bio 1, 2 & 5
and PCS)
(Immunology (CB3) and
Mol Bio 2 & 5)
(Immunology (CB3) and
Mol Bio 2 & 5)
R

Albert
Claude

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1974

for their discoveries
concerning
the structural and functional
organization of the cell

Christian
de Duve

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1974

for their discoveries concerning 
the structural and functional
organization of the cell

George E.
Palade

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1974

for their discoveries
concerning
the structural and functional
organization of the cell

(A&P, Cell Bio, Mol Bio and PCS) (A&P, Cell Bio, Mol Bio and PCS) (A&P, Cell Bio, Mol Bio and PCS)
R



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Under Construction
Under Construction
Peter
Mitchell

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
1978

for his contribution to the 
understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation 
of the chemiosmotic theory
(press release)



(A&P and Mol Bio 3 & 4)







J. Michael
Bishop

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1989

for their discovery of
the cellular origin of
retroviral oncogenes

(press release)


(Cell Bio 1
and Virology (CB2))
R

Harold E.
Varmus 

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1989

for their discovery of
the cellular origin of
retroviral oncogenes

(press release)

Erwin
Neher

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1991

for their discoveries
concerning the function
of single ion channels in cells

(press release)
Bert
Sakmann

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1991

for their discoveries
concerning the function
of single ion channels in cells

(press release)
(Cell Bio 1
and Virology (CB2))
(A&P, Mol Bio 5,
and PCS)
(A&P, Mol Bio 5,
and PCS)
R

Rudolph A.
Marcus

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
1992

for his contributions
to the theory of
electron transfer
reactions in
chemical systems

(press release)
Edmond H.
Fischer

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1992

for their discoveries 
concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a 
biological regulatory 
mechanism

(press release)

Edwin G.
Krebs

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1992

for their discoveries 
concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a 
biological regulatory 
mechanism

(press release)

(Mol Bio 3 & 4) (A&P, Mol Bio 5 and PCS) (A&P, Mol Bio 5 and PCS)
R

Kary B.
Mullis

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
1993

for contributions to the developments of methods 
within DNA-based 
chemistry:
for his invention of the
       polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method
(press release)

Michael
Smith

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
1993

for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based 
chemistry: for his fundamental 
contributions to the 
establishment of oligonucleiotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development 
for protein studies

(press release)

Richard J.
Roberts

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1993

for their discovery of 
"split genes"

(press release)

(Cell Bio 1)
(Cell Bio 1 and Mol Bio 5)
(Cell Bio 1 and Mol Bio 5)
R

Phillip A. 
Sharp

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1993

for their discovery of 
"split genes"

(press release)

Edward B.
Lewis

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1994

for their discovery of 
G-proteins and the role 
of these proteins in signal
transduction in cells

(press release)

Martin
Rodbell 

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1994

for their discovery of 
G-proteins and the role 
of these proteins in signal
transduction in cells

(press release)

(Cell Bio 1 and Mol Bio 5) (A&P, Mol Bio 5 and PCS) (A&P, Mol Bio 5 and PCS)
R

Edward B. 
Lewis

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1995

for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development

(press release)

Christiane
Nüsslein-Volhard 

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1995

for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development

(press release)

Eric F.
Wieschaus

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1995

for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development

(press release)

(Cell Bio 1) (Cell Bio 1) (Cell Bio 1)
R

Pete C.
Doherty

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1996

for their discoveries
concerning the specificity
of the cell mediated
immune defence

(press release)

Rolf M. 
Zinkernagel

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1996

for their discoveries
concerning the specificity
of the cell mediated
immune defence

(press release)
Stanley B.
Prusiner

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1997

for his discovery of Prions 
- a new biological principle of infection

(press release)

(Immunology (CB3)) (Immunology (CB3)) (Virology (CB2) and
Immunology (CB3))


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Paul D.
Boyer

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
1997

for their elucidation of the
enzymatic mechanism underlying
the synthesis of adenosine
triphosphate (ATP)

(press release)

John E.
Walker

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
1997

for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

(press release)

Jens C.
Skou

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
1997

for the first discovery of an
ion-transporting enzyme, 
Na+,K+-ATPase

(press release)

(A&P and Mol Bio 3-5) (A&P and Mol Bio 3-5) (A&P and Mol Bio 3-5)
R

Robert F.
Furchgott 

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1998

for their discoveries
concerning

nitric oxide as a signalling 

molecule in the 
cardiovascular system

(press release)

Louis J.
Ignarro

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1998

for their discoveries concerning 
nitric oxide as a signalling 
molecule in the
cardiovascular system

(press release)

Ferid
Murad

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1998

for their discoveries
concerning

nitric oxide as a signalling 

molecule in the
cardiovascular system

(press release)

(A&P and PCS) (A&P and PCS) (A&P and PCS)
R

Günter
Blobel

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
1999

for the discovery that 
proteins have intrinsic 
signals that govern their
transport and localization
in the cell

(press release)

Arvid 
Carlsson

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
2000

for their discoveries
concerning signal
transduction in the

nervous system

(press release)

Paul 
Greengard

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
2000

for their discoveries
concerning signal
transduction in the

nervous system

(press release)

(Cell Bio and Mol Bio 2 & 5) (A&P, Mol Bio 2 & 5
and PCS)
(A&P, Mol Bio 2 & 5
and PCS)
R

Eric R 
Kandel 

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
2000

for their discoveries
concerning
signal
transduction in the 

nervous system

(press release)

Leland H.
Hartwell 

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
2001

for their discoveries of
key regulators
of the cell cycle

(press release)

R. Timothy (Tim)
Hunt

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
2001

for their discoveries of
key regulators
of the cell cycle


(press release)
R

(A&P, Mol Bio 2 & 5
and PCS)
(Cell Bio 1) (Cell Bio 1)
R

Sir Paul M. 
Nurse

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
2001

for their discoveries of
key regulators
of the cell cycle

(press release)

William S.
Knowles 

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
2001

for their work on 
chirally catalysed
hydrogenation reactions

(press release)

Ryoji
Noyori

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
2001

for their work on 
chirally catalysed
hydrogenation reactions

(press release)

(Cell Bio 1) (Mol Bio 1 & 2) (Mol Bio 1 & 2)
R

brenner
horvitz
K. Barry
Sharpless

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
2001

for his work on 
chirally catalysed 
oxidation reactions

(press release)

Sydney
Brenner

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
2002

for their discoveries
concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death

(press release)

H. Robert
Horvitz

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
2002

for their discoveries
concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death

(press release)

(Mol Bio 1 & 2) (Immunology (CB3)) (Immunology (CB3))



sulston agre
mackinnon
John E.
Sulston

The Nobel Prize 
in Physiology or Medicine
2002

for their discoveries
concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death

(press release)

Peter
Agre

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
2003

for their discoveries
concerning channels in cell membranes' and for the discovery of water channels

(press release)

Roderick
MacKinnon

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
2003

for their discoveries
concerning channels in cell membranes' and
for structural and
mechanistic studies of ion channels

(press release)

(Immunology (CB3)) (A&P and Mol Bio 2 & 5) (A&P,  Mol Bio 2 & 5,
and PCS)



ciechanover
hersko
rose
Aaron
Ciechanover

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
2004

for their discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation

(press release)

Avram
Hersko

The Nobel Prize 
in Chemistry
2004

for their discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation

(press release)
Irwin
Rose


The Nobel Prize 

in Chemistry
2004

for their discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation

(press release)

(A&P,  Mol Bio 5,
and PCS)
(A&P,  Mol Bio 5,
and PCS)
(A&P,  Mol Bio 5,
and PCS)

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axel buck marshall
Richard
Axel

The Nobel Prize 
in Medicine
2004

for their discoveries
of odorant receptors
and the organization
of the olfactory system

(press release)

Linda B.
Buck

The Nobel Prize 
in Medicine
2004

for their discoveries
of odorant receptors
and the organization
of the olfactory system

(press release)
Barry J.
Marshall

The Nobel Prize 

in Medicine
2005

for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease

(press release)

(A&P and PCS) (A&P and PCS) (A&P, Immunology (CB3)
and PCS)



warren fire mello
J. Robin
Warren

The Nobel Prize 

in Medicine
2005

for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease

(press release)

Andrew Z.
Fire

The Nobel Prize 

in Medicine
2006

for their discovery of
RNA interference - gene
silencing by
double-stranded RNA

(press release)
Craig C.
Mello

The Nobel Prize 

in Medicine
2006

for their discovery of
RNA interference - gene
silencing by
double-stranded RNA


(press release)
(A&P, Immunology) (A&P, Immunology) (A&P, Immunology)


kornberg capecchi evans
Roger D.
Kornberg

The Nobel Prize 

in Chemistry
2006

for his studies of the
molecular basis of
eukaryotic transcription


(press release)

Mario R.
Capecchi

The Nobel Prize 
in Medicine
2007

for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells


(press release)
Sir Martin J.
Evans

The Nobel Prize 
in Medicine
2007

for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells


(press release)
(A&P and Mol Bio 2 & 5) (A&P, Immunology) (A&P, Immunology)



smithies

Oliver
Smithies

The Nobel Prize 
in Medicine
2007

for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells


(press release)


(A&P, Immunology)



What does chirality mean?
virtual biochem lab

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001 concerns work with chiral molecules. These chiral molecules can be used to control or speed up different chemical reactions. In this game you can learn the basic principles of chirality. Biochemistry is the study of life processes at a molecular level. This Virtual Biochemistry Laboratory consists of several rooms, each focusing on one particular method used in biochemistry: "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance", "Electrophoresis", "Chromatography", "Protein Sequencing", "X-ray Diffraction" and "Protein Folding". The different methods help scientists find out more about molecules, for example proteins.




Educational Games in Medicine

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